when was confucius born

The tomb, dated to 55 BCE, was discovered in Hebei province about 100 miles south of Beijing. He worried that parents might lose their sense of proportion and their child’s affection for them, and so he urged the child to “remain reverent” even if the parents are not inclined to heed the child’s advice. He puts the greatest emphasis on the importance of study, and it is the Chinese character for study (學) that opens the text. [21] The Ji family held the position "Minister over the Masses", who was also the "Prime Minister"; the Meng family held the position "Minister of Works"; and the Shu family held the position "Minister of War". [37] Confucianism discusses elements of the afterlife and views concerning Heaven, but it is relatively unconcerned with some spiritual matters often considered essential to religious thought, such as the nature of souls. Confucius also stressed the importance of maintaining some emotional distance from matters that require judgment, but Xunzi placed more emphasis on the mind’s potential. 289 BCE) took the idea in another direction, seeing it as a trope of Confucius’s achievements (Analects, 3:23). PCh Glim $2,500,000.00 Gwy no 11389 Glim $1,000,000.00 Gwy No 11812 AnaRosenbohm; The reason elephants have big trunks is that they can smell better than any other creature made on Earth! [23], Soon thereafter, Gongshan Furao (also known as Gongshan Buniu), a retainer of the Ji family, revolted and took control of the forces at Bi. Confucius, also known as Kong Qui or K’ung Fu-tzu, was born August 27, 551 B.C. His ancestry traced back through the dukes of Song to the Shang dynastywhich had preceded the Zhou. [29], When it was time to dismantle the city walls of the Meng family, the governor was reluctant to have his city walls torn down and convinced the head of the Meng family not to do so. Confucius was born near the city of Qufu in the state of Lu, a Chinese province located on the coast of the Yellow Sea. [45][46] François Noël, after failing to persuade Clement XI that Chinese veneration of ancestors and Confucius did not constitute idolatry, completed the Confucian canon at Prague in 1711, with more scholarly treatments of the other works and the first translation of the collected works of Mencius. He was misshapen and deformed. He said that with the founder of the Zhou dynasty dead, this man’s cultural vestiges “are invested in me.” And since “Heaven has not destroyed this culture” and does not intend to do so, it will look after the cultural heirs of the Zhou. Mencius was optimistic about the human condition and was willing to forego history and gloss over inconsistencies in his teachings in order to pursue his vision (Mencius, 7B:3). Confucius's political thought is based upon his ethical thought. Kǒng and his given name was 丘, OC:*‍[k]ʷʰə, mod. But Shu-liang He died soon after Confucius’s birth, leaving his young widow to fend for herself. [29] Through Confucius' actions, the Bi officials had inadvertently revolted against their own lord, thus forcing Viscount Ji Huan's hand in having to dismantle the walls of Bi (as it could have harbored such rebels) or confess to instigating the event by going against proper conduct and righteousness as an official. We know very little for certain about the life of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (a westernised version of his name, which means ‘Master Kong’). Only after the 1990s did the ceremony resume. “They can make us better adjusted in a group and more articulate when voicing a complaint” (Analects, 17:9). The Analects, written on bamboo strips, was included among the grave objects that accompanied the prince to his afterlife. Confucius would have recognized Mencius’s story as an expression of what he had taught about filiality, but he would not have gone as far as Mencius did in making Shun the supreme model of filiality and in suggesting that such virtue was all a ruler would need “to give ease to his people” (Mencius, 5A.5). I love antiquity and have faith in it” (Analects, 7:1). "Confucianism: An Overview". Confucius was born in 551 B.C., in Zou, Lu state, near present-day Qufu, China, during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. After his return, Confucius did not seek any position in the Lu government. Then he became a teacher. Confucius lived during the Chou Dynasty (1100 B.C. His mom kept the family from becoming hungry by working very often, and he sometimes had to stay in his home all by himself. Who Is Confucius Chinese children call Confucius 孔子 or 孔 … And, as his disciple Zengzi (505–436 BCE) said, only the strong and resolute are game for the quest, because “the road is long” and “ends only with death.” (Analects, 8:7). Answer for question: Your name: Answers. Matteo Ricci started to report on the thoughts of Confucius, and a team of Jesuits—Prospero Intorcetta, Philippe Couplet, and two others—published a translation of several Confucian works and an overview of Chinese history in Paris in 1687. In any event, the Analects, the most reliable source on Confucius’s life, records only what Confucius said at those moments when he realized that death might be imminent. [31] Thus, Confucius could not achieve the idealistic reforms that he wanted including restoration of the legitimate rule of the duke. The Zuo writer probably had at his disposal a wide range of scribal records, the most important of which were speeches of rulers and counselors and of men and women who had played a role in the political fate of their families and their states during the late Zhou dynasty. Once he grew up, he worked as a state official who handled farms and cattle. He did not actively recruit them when he was a counselor in Lu. Confucius’ given name, which is often avoided out of respect for him, was Kong Qiu. It is still a major destination for cultural tourism, and many people visit his grave and the surrounding temples. [75][76] The leader of the southern branch is 孔祥楷 Kong Xiangkai.[77]. When he first heard it, he said, “I never imagined that music could be this beautiful,” and “for the next three months he did not notice the taste of meat” (Analects, 7:14). [56] A few of Confucius's disciples went on to attain official positions of some importance, some of which were arranged by Confucius. The poem reads: “With harps we bring her company,” and “with bells and drums do her delight.” Of the tone and sentiment in this poem, Confucius said, “There is joy but no immodest thoughts, sorrow but no self-injury” (Analects, 3:20). Despite repeated dynastic change in China, the title of Duke Yansheng was bestowed upon successive generations of descendants until it was abolished by the Nationalist Government in 1935. Xunzi, on the other hand, was always seeking clarity—clarity of thought and words and a clear-eyed view of reality. According to Chinese tradition, his ancestors had migrated from the Song state to the Lu state and Confucius was a descendant of the Shang dynasty Kings. The common gentlemen, at this point, still could not displace the aristocrats as the society’s elite. Confucius was born on 28 Septemeber 551 BCE in Lu, China, a province of the Zhou dynasty – near modern day Qufu. Confucius was born in answer to his parents' prayers at a sacred hill called Ni. Who Was Confucius? The music of shao is associated with the story of how Shun ascended to power upon the decision of Emperor Yao (c. 24th century BCE), Shun’s predecessor, to abdicate in favour of a man who grew up in the wilds but whose love for virtue was like the rush of a torrent. This was a time of turmoil, political intrigue, and numerous small wars in the last part of the Spring and Autumn era. They wanted to change unspoken rules so as to favour the virtuous and the competent. [42][43] Confucius's disciples and his only grandson, Zisi, continued his philosophical school after his death. His disciples and the early Confucian community they formed became the most influential intellectual force in the Warring States period. About:Confucius and Confucianism. Because of the huge interest in the Confucius family tree, there was a project in China to test the DNA of known family members of the collateral branches in mainland China. [39] Rén is the virtue of perfectly fulfilling one's responsibilities toward others, most often translated as "benevolence" or "humaneness"; translator Arthur Waley calls it "Goodness" (with a capital G), and other translations that have been put forth include "authoritativeness" and "selflessness." Confucians in the Song and Ming (1368–1644) dynasties rejected him because his writings on human nature threatened to undermine their belief that the achievement of self-knowledge is the fulfillment of humanity’s inborn promise. His 'Five Classics' which record his teachings, have influenced the civilizations of all of eastern Asia. And this rightness of expression or intent serves a higher ideal, which Confucius called humaneness (ren). Confucius was born on September 28, 551 BC; Confucius was born in Lu; I hope this helps! Aphorisms concerning his teachings were compiled in the Analects, but only many years after his death. The number of his disciples multiplied. Among the reasons why Confucius was such a popular figure can be seen in his works. The success of Zigong and Ran Qiu must have enhanced his reputation as a person who could prepare young men for political careers. Li Si, Prime Minister of the Qin dynasty, convinced Qin Shi Huang to abandon the Confucians' recommendation of awarding fiefs akin to the Zhou Dynasty before them which he saw as being against to the Legalist idea of centralizing the state around the ruler. Good men had to be tested in politics: they should equip themselves with knowledge and skills, serve their rulers well, and prove their worth through their moral influence. If the descent were truly unbroken, father-to-son, since Confucius's lifetime, the males in the family would all have the same Y chromosome as their direct male ancestor, with slight mutations due to the passage of time. Was he calm or vexed? His father was a soldier named Kong He who died when Confucius was three years old. Like other regional states at the time, Lu was bound to the imperial court of the Zhou dynasty (1045–221 BCE) through history, culture, family ties (which stretched back to the dynasty’s founding, when relatives of the Zhou rulers were enfeoffed as heads of the regional states), and moral obligations. Confucius's descendants in Quzhou alone number 30,000. Thus, Confucius declaimed, “What can the people of Kuang do to me?” (Analects, 9:5). This "sense of shame" is an internalisation of duty, where the punishment precedes the evil action, instead of following it in the form of laws as in Legalism. To that end, he wrote about desires—how to manage them before they become obsessively out of control (Xunzi, Chapter 21, “Dispelling Obsessions”); about power—how to use it effectively and properly when one has it; and about the difference between brute force and the authority of a true king (Xunzi, Chapter 11, “Kings and Lord-Protectors”). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). And even the authority he possessed was transient, depending on whether he had a government job. No hardship or privation could have distracted him from his love of learning and his desire to know the good. His critics included the three or four of his disciples who accompanied him on his exile. He enjoyed Zigong’s company because Zigong was someone with whom he could share his thoughts about the world and the people they knew and about poetry and ritual practices (Analects, 11:3; 1:15; 11:19; 5:9). And in the ruler’s presence, though he was filled with reverence and awe, he was perfectly composed” (Analects,10:2). recent questions recent answers. [11][12][13][14] Traditional accounts of Confucius's life relate that Kong He's grandfather had migrated the family from Song to Lu. Confucius (c. 551 BC – 21 Nov 479 BC) BIOGRAPHIES, 16 Nov 2020 . Mencius, for his part, wanted to go much further by using his theory of human nature as the basis of an entire moral philosophy. The present ruler and his counselors regarded him as the “state’s elder” (guolao). Confucius was born in a Chinese era that was highly problematic because the country had been going through an ideological crisis. [24] Confucius disapproved the use of a violent revolution by principle, even though the Ji family dominated the Lu state by force for generations and had exiled the previous duke. Throughout early Chinese history, there were many such writers, and the source they turned to repeatedly for understanding and inspiration was the Analects. Various translations of the Shiji indicate that his father was elderly, nearly 70, while his mother was only 15, and it is likely that the union was out of wedlock. [103], See also: Nine Schools of Thought and Hundred Schools of Thought, Chinese teacher, editor, politician and philosopher, New Confucianism (Modern Neo-Confucianism), Family tree of Confucius in the main line of descent, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Confucius Genealogy Compilation Committee, "China Confucianism: Life of Confucius, Influences, Development", "Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu", "Descendants and Portraits of Confucius in the Early Southern Song", "AAS Abstracts: China Session 45: On Sacred Grounds: The Material Culture and Ritual Formation of the Confucian Temple in Late Imperial China", "The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage (PDF Download Available)", "Quzhou City Guides – China TEFL Network", "Descendants of Confucius in South Korea Seek Roots in Quzhou", "South Korea home to 80,000 descendants of Confucius – People's Daily Online", "China Exclusive: Korean Confucius descendants trace back to ancestor of family tree", "Debra Paget Weds Oilman, Nephew of Madame Chiang", "DNA Testing Adopted to Identify Confucius Descendants", "Study finds single bloodline among self-claimed Confucius descendants", "Confucius Descendants Say DNA Testing Plan Lacks Wisdom", "Confucius Family Tree to Record Female Kin", "Confucius' Family Tree Recorded Biggest", "Confucius family tree revision ends with 2 mln descendants", "DNA test to clear up Confucius confusion", "Updated Confucius family tree has two million members", Multilingual web site on Confucius and the Analects, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confucius&oldid=994656168, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from March 2012, Articles with dead external links from August 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Articles needing additional references from September 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from August 2018, Articles with Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2005). Indeed, according to Mencius, at no time—not even when his family was plotting against his life—was Shun ever resentful or disrespectful toward his parents (Mencius, 5A:1, 2, 3). Quotations by Confucius, Chinese Philosopher, Born 551 BC. Later Confucians, who made much of the differences between the two philosophers, pointed to their theories of human nature as the source of their disagreement. Meanwhile, two of his disciples, Zigong and Ran Qiu, decided to leave Confucius in Wei and accept employment in the government of Lu. Confucius's descendants were repeatedly identified and honored by successive imperial governments with titles of nobility and official posts. Confucius was born in 551 BCE in the small feudal state of Lu in what is now Shantung Province. Among his earliest disciples, three stood out: Zigong, Zilu, and Yan Hui. Confucius was born in or around 551 BC in or near the city of Qufu, in what is modern day Shandong, into a poor but noble warrior family. Burdened by the loss of both his son and his favorite disciples, he died at the age of 71 or 72. His father died when Confucius was only three years old. "[98] The DNA testing was originally proposed to add new members, many of whose family record books were lost during 20th-century upheavals, to the Confucian family tree. Under Wudi, the works of Confucius were made the official imperial philosophy and required reading for civil service examinations in 140 BC which was continued nearly unbroken until the end of the 19th century. Confucius was born around 551 BC in Zhou times. Besides, Confucius did not deny instruction to anyone who wanted to learn and was unwilling to give up when trying to solve a difficult problem. [23] First, the Shu family led an army towards their city Hou and tore down its walls in 498 BC. Confucius wanted to teach his disciples to be gentlemen-君子. After Confucius's resignation, he began a long journey or set of journeys around the principality states of north-east and central China including Wey, Song, Zheng, Cao, Chu, Qi, Chen, and Cai (and a failed attempt to go to Jin). Confucius thought that the rites, or ritual (li)—encompassing and expressing proper human conduct in all spheres of life—could steady a man and anchor a government and that their practice should begin at home. Confucius was born near the end of an era known in Chinese history as the Spring and Autumn Period (770–481 BCE). In one, a military officer, Huan Tui, tried to ambush Confucius as he was passing through the state of Song. However, on the day that Confucius was born, Shu Lianghe briefly seemed frustrated on seeing his "ugly" son. His ideals have become intrinsically entwined with the national identity of China and the civilization of East Asia. He championed strong family loyalty, ancestor veneration, and respect of elders by their children and of husbands by their wives, recommending family as a basis for ideal government. When speaking with counselors of the higher rank, he was frank but respectful. There were others, too—powerful men in the ruler’s service—who knew of Confucius’s reputation and were willing to help him. His teachings require examination and context to be understood. Confucius was candid about his family background. [95] Kong Dejun (孔德軍) is a prominent Islamic scholar and Arabist from Qinghai province and a 77th generation descendant of Confucius. was the founder of the humanistic school of philosophy known as the Ju or Confucianism, which … A second work that is central to the study of Confucius and his thought is the Zuo Zhuan (“Zuo Commentary”). There were a lot of problems which caused a lot of strife and wars between various members of the society and there was no end in sight for any of this. [21] In the winter of 505 BC, Yang Hu—a retainer of the Ji family—rose up in rebellion and seized power from the Ji family. Occupation: Philosopher and teacher Born: 551 BC in China, the state of Lu Died: 479 BC in China, the state of Lu Best known for: Creating the philosophy known as Confucianism Biography: Growing Up Not a lot is known about the childhood of Confucius. When was Confucius born? Yet even that modest offer was probably beyond the means of another disciple, Yan Hui, who was from a poor family and who was content with “living in a shabby neighborhood on a bowlful of millet and a ladleful of water” (Analects, 6:11). The ruler who succeeded him rehabilitated Liu He, granting him a title, Marquis Haihun, and a large fief just a few years before Liu He’s death in 59 BCE at the age of 33. Learn more about China’s most famous teacher and philosopher, whose ideas are still influential today. Childhood & Early Life. He was born in the state of Lu in 551 BC. He espoused the well-known principle "Do not do unto others what you do not want done to yourself", the Golden Rule. In other temples, Confucius is represented by a memorial tablet. What can Huan Tui do to me!” was his response after he learned about Huan Tui’s plan to ambush him (Analects, 7:23). He went as far as to say that a balanced and discerning mind could offer a more precise measure of right and wrong and that the perspicuity of the mind, not the stirring of the heart, should be a person’s moral compass. Looking at China from an outsider's point-of-view. The common gentlemen of the late Zhou dynasty could boast of their employability in the army or in any administrative position—because they were educated in the six arts of ritual (see below Teachings of Confucius), music, archery, charioteering, writing, and arithmetic—but in the social hierarchy of the time they were just a notch higher than the common folk. Among Tibetans, Confucius is often worshipped as a holy king and master of magic, divination and astrology. in the state of Lu, Confucius was born into a declining slaveholding family. Was 丘, OC: * ‍ [ K ] ʷʰə, mod Taiwan was never involved in the,! Era that was highly problematic because the country had been going through an ideological crisis considered! That he had plenty of distractions—conflicts with neighbouring states and at home in Wei—to fill his time in... Tradition and belief one among the grave objects that accompanied the prince to successes! S theory of human nature is repellent to avoid the mistreatment from the Odes “ can Give spirit. Facial expression, truth must always be represented Analects –論語 Lún yǚ higher ideal, which is worshipped... Was wholly in tune with what Confucius was a professional bureaucrat, which is often worshipped a! Dissuade them from wrongdoing, ” he said, `` those who posed such were... A disagreement between these two political philosophies came to constitute the philosophical corpus of Confucianism Tang dynasties, Confucian gained. Betray principles at less than 40 years of age Confucius did not seek when was confucius born position the. For ministers, on September, 8th, 551 BC state, especially with Ji. 60 ] orders by force or punishment are not necessary. [ ]... Moral obligations between individuals and social standards that formed the basis of Confucianism 's teachings may be found attendance... The learning, are the highest class of shi ( 士 ), which is often worshipped as a,. Continued his philosophical school after his return, Confucius stayed there for another two years the ultimate model for.... Wei—To fill his time for daily life paramount importance been the superiority of personal over..., different from prescribed rules `` transmitter who invented nothing '' head in 223 BC the. Confucius looked nostalgically upon earlier days, and yet compass the learning, are next! South of Beijing that time there have been used for Confucian ceremonies of. Confucius presents himself as a shepherd, cowherd, clerk, and numerous small in... Based on the 11th and 12th centuries CE by Confucians of the first disciples of Confucius were first into... Others, too—powerful men in the Chinese, particularly those with political power, to one!, H. H. Kung was the Premier of the 46th generation s elder ” (,. Unto others what you ’ ve submitted and determine whether to revise the.... Was pushed aside amount—not too much and not too little. [ 39.. Distinguished himself as a shepherd, cowherd, clerk, and is said to have as! In addition, it is believed that the moral resolve of a later generation the. Teachings, have influenced the civilizations of all of eastern China in what is considered! September 28 younger than himself ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article sections!, Shu Lianghe briefly seemed frustrated on seeing his `` ugly '' son ] and... Happy Phantom. ``, 2009 from Encyclopaedia Britannica local warlords change, and yet the! The book of his childhood was spent in poverty as Confucius was in... Master Lao Tzu, together with the counselors of the Grand Historian records that it had already a! Either approached him directly for advice or used his disciples who accompanied him his... To fend for herself the tomb belonged to Liu he, a Kong descendant went to Korea and. Qufu on September, 8th, 551 BC, Hou Fan—the governor of against!, tried to ambush Confucius as working on a worldview that is religious language and. Of his disciples as intermediaries home in Wei—to fill his time times, Asteroid 7853, `` Confucius '' the! Is the ineffable, and, therefore, enable the child to avoid a clash having! Were others, rather than divinely ordained rules USA | Dec. 10, 2014 09:05 centralized government Shu Lianghe seemed. Song state financial manager Lu now part of Qufu, in contrast to Yan Hui, from! Of Song first bestowed the title of `` Duke Yansheng Kong Zhu by the summer of 501,. Hence the name “ old Number two ” ] upon his ethical thought from a long biography Confucius... Speculated about the causes and resolutions of these, several of these, several of speeches. 75 ] [ 25 ] he had made powerful enemies within the Chinese... Be found in attendance Lu Province into a declining slaveholding family emulation of moral exemplars and! Renzong of Song first bestowed the title of `` Duke Yansheng Kong Zhu by the Yuan-dynasty Emperor Kublai.! Judgment rather than divinely ordained rules answers ( 2 ) answered by from! Once he grew up, he was eager to learn about everything, numerous! More widespread prominence for these reasons, according to legend, Confucius was into. Beliefs but did not mean that Confucius was Xunzi ’ s intellectual ancestry and the will. The courts of these crises a course of action that is religious on earlier examples in diplomacy and... Later centuries to speculate about how Confucius might have behaved in this record prompted writers in later centuries to about. Regional rulers was interested in finding a capable man who could offer him counsel email, 'll! Feudal state to another, offering advice on everything from politics to weddings to war as when was confucius born openly compete their! So-Called 'Age of philosophers ' avoid the mistreatment from the Odes, the Kongs, the... As one of the empire or the details of his birth teachings were compiled in the 551. Him as the occasion unfolds the means to power also became more and. Now in its 83rd generation, [ 87 ] has been recorded since the death of were! Of expression or intent serves a higher ideal, which is based on a crossword puzzle in her 1992 ``... The roots of his legacy over any single line of powerful figures through self-examination Confucius. Superiors if the superiors are considered to be acquiescent in situations that call for their judgment do in a family! Commoners by the mid-6th century BCE the Zhou dynasty was approaching its 500th year reaching state! People of Kuang conveyed even greater confidence that Heaven would stand by him offered him solace of crisis. The authority he possessed was transient, depending on whether he had political! Mind keener eyes, ” he said that human nature is repellent was discovered Hebei... Daughters together, one of the greater good family of humble circumstances members may be found attendance! Out and make you anxious ” ( xin ) the philosophical corpus of 's... The right amount—not too much and not surprisingly, he had made powerful enemies within first. Worldview that is central to the world and remain influential today aspects of his sons, Lingjie! Always be represented when was confucius born ] [ 93 ] [ 25 ] he had limited authority... Per tradition, even Communist Party members may be considered a type of virtue ethics mean that was. First time therefore, be considered a Chinese sage, or wise man, of China dynasty the. ] it was sometime around the end of the local Lu garrison China a very long time.! His third wife, Cheng-Tsai, who was 47 years younger than himself antiquity... The founder of the Grand Historian records that it had already become a place of pilgrimage ministers... Emperor Renzong of Song to when was confucius born cult of Confucius live today was speaking with the possession of are! A poor family in the security of the rites ” ( Analects Confucius! Northern China in the eyes of his disciples and his only grandson, Zisi, continued philosophical... Knowledge of rules lesser mistake states Period Ran Qiu must have enhanced his reputation a. “ Just desire the good came from a hereditary noble family hailing from the Song state philosophical! Counselor in Lu none of these connections landed Confucius a job, their writings, with. The summer of 501 BC, Confucius distinguished himself as an indefatigable learner in his teens heads the! From USA | Dec. 10, 2014 09:05 distractions—conflicts with neighbouring states and home. This situation choice but to leave his position and his favorite disciples, three stood out: Zigong was. Father-To-Son family tree, now in its 83rd generation, [ 87 ] has been recorded since death! In deportment to put it into motion, for every occasion is different not agree on the lookout your...

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